Author 




Title 



Imprint 



19—47372-3 OPO 



The Changing of 
Historic Place Names 

By George P. Donehoo 

Secretary of the Pennsylvania Historical 

Commission and President of the 

Potter Countv Historical Society 




^ ith an Introduction and Glossary of Some Historic 

Names Changed or Misspelled In Pennsylvania 

By Henry W. Shoemaker 

Member of the Historical Society of Penus>lvania 

and Chairman of the Committee on Historical 

Activity, Pennsylvania Federation of 

Historical Societies 



Published under the Auspices of the Pennsylvania Alpine Club, 
J. Herbert Walker, Secretary and Historian 



Altooiui, Feiiusylvaiiia 
Tribune Press, 1921 



fl "SO 

"There are vicissitudes in all things." — Terence. T^) ^V ' 

Prefatory Note 



y^ HE author wishes to state that this l)rief monograph is 
V«/ written at the suggestion of Col. Henry W. Shoemaker, 
who has not only assisted in the writing, but who also 
has kindly paid the expense of publication. 'iMie article 
could be extended very greatly. The author thinks, however, 
that enough is written to call attention to the evil of changing 
place names. G. P. D. 



Introduction 



X|T is indeed a privilege, through the agency of tlie Pennsyl- 
vania Alpine Club, to assist in the publication of so 
^^ timely a monograph as that of Dr. Donehoo's, on the 
subject of changing historic place names. Every month 
the senseless shifting is going on, newcomers wresting from the 
historic past the heritage of honored names. It will be difficult a 
century hence to follow the course of history in Pennsylvania ; 
even now it is hard to identify rhe places visited by early travelers 
like Spangenberg, Ettwein and Col. Weiser, as innovators have 
changed and re-clianged even the names of the streams and 
mountains that they crossed. It will be hard to trace the racial 
and philological development of the vState. as the haphazard sys- 
tem of renaming places destroys all historic sequence of nation- 
al5ty and individual tendencies. One bright spot remains. 
Pennsylvania has discarded fewer of her Indian names than most 
other States; personal vanity or prejudice was hardl}- strong 
enough to oibliterate these — for evea more than "their names are 
on the waters and you cannot blot them out," the Indian-named 
mountains, valleys, lakes, rivers and streams persist and bid 
fair to defy the ruthlessness of the ages. Let the constant 
watchfulness of every pulblic-spirited Pennsylvanian be directed 
to "save the ancient landmarks" and keep inviolate the sturdy, 
distinctive nomenclature and speUing handed down by our fore- 
fathers. Henry W. Shoemakkt!. 
"Restless Oaks," McEt.hattan, Pa., April 30, 1921. 



^\:% H Me? 



0^ 




Changing Historic Place Names 



y^^ 111'- -Mosaic Law cuiUained the following': "Cursed l)e he 
Vl/ ih'cit renn ivetli his neighlior's lanrlniark : and all the ijeople 
shall say, Amen." 
They (Hd not have a Historical vSociety (hiring the early 
development of the Jewish Commonwealth, or Aloses might have 
added' to these wise regulations, "Cursed be he that ciiangeth one 
of the 'historic names of towns and villages, and all the people 
shall say, Amen." 

A place name is not only a landmark, but it is a historic land- 
mark, often of more real value than the landmark of an individual 
occupant of the soil. Sometimes the whole history of a region 
can be dug up by the careful student of the names which are 
given to the towns, villages, streams and mountains in that region. 
Very few of the earlier place names in Pennsylvania were given 
in a haphazard way. They all meant something", and in most 
cases something of real historic value. 

Some of these early names are most beautiful lo hear, and 
some are not. But they are all of interest and historic value. 
Many of the most beautiful sounding names, and names of his- 
toric value, 'have disappeared entirely from 'the maj) of the state. 
Wyoming; is an illustration of the disappearance of an old. beau- 
tiful and historic name. Many people think that the niinie 
"Wyoming" belongs to the state to which it migrated from the 
beautiful vale of Pennsylvania, where it was made historic for 
all time. 

Some of the earliest place names now are ap])lied to towns 
and topographical features far removed from the ])lace which 
gave ithem biiTth. Shamokin is an illustration of this change. 
This name is one of the very oldest on the Susc^uehanna River, 
and it was used during tlie entire ])eriod of settlement, as well as 



during the period of Indian occupancy, when the Vice-Gerent 
of the Iroquois Confederacy made it 'the Indian capitol of Penn- 
sylvania. All of the early traveler.s and all of the official docu- 
ments relating to Indian afifairs use this name for the present 
Sunbury. The name Shamokin has been given to a town which 
is in no way connected with the historic town from which this 
name was taken. In order to avoid confusion, a 'historical writer 
now has to always refer to the old. historic place in this manner: 
"S'hamokin (now Sunbury)."' The same rule has to apply to the 
other hisitoric village of Wyoming. When this place is men- 
tioned, the statement must be made as "Wyoming (now Wilkes- 
Barre)." Probably the greatest crime of all is that which was 
committed by some classical school iteacher in the change which 
was made from Tioga to Athens. The author in other publica- 
tions 'has referred to the trail of the massacre of Indian place 
names by these classic school teachers from New England. It 
was one of die sad results of the Connecticut Settlement of 
Pennsylvania and Western New York. The Indian names were 
slaughtered without pity. The Scotch-Irish in 'Pennsylvania 
killed the Indians, but spared the names which the Indians had 
given to the rivers and mountains in the region in which ihey 
had lived. The New England school teacher slaughtered the 
names. Follow the trail of these classical scholars from Athens 
up into New York and you find a vertial)lc trail of blood of 
liis'toric and beautiful Indian names. 

Imagine, if you please, the following names within the historii- 
habitat of the mighty Iroquois: Cato. Ovid, Camillus, Rome, 
Utica, Troy, Syracuse, Marathon. Ithaca, CTcneva. Sempronius, 
Aurelius, Marcellus, Scipioville, Aurora, Romulus. Junius — and 
so on ad nauseam, there is hardly any limit 'to the list. The beau- 
tiful lake region of New York seems to have been the "Gettys- 
burg'" of the New England teacher, where the "high tide" of 
classical slaughter was done. By direct trail he reached 'the 
headwaters of the Susquehanna, where he killed Tioga in cold 
blood, and then erected "Athens." About this time the tide of 
Scotch-Irish and German "Pennamiites" swept up the Susque- 
hanna River and ended the advance of the classical scholar and 
prevented the continuation of the slaughter along the Susque- 
hanna River. 

I 'have always been thankful that this classic invasion of 
Pennsylvania soil did not come into the State by the way of the 
Allegheny River. Had it done fo, the Ohio, or La Belle Riviere, 



might probably have been re-baptized the "Styx," and the old 
twin towns at the headwaters of this stream called Romulus and 

Remus. 

A -name" means something, it stands for the person or 
place. To the Israelite the name of the Deity was so sacred and 
awful that it was not pronounced at all. One of the Command- 
ments relates to the taking of "the name in vain." We Ameri- 
cans are losing our spirit of reverence for almost everythmg. 
Names of places are changed without a feeling of loss. Some- 
times these changes are due to the errors of clerks or map 
makers. There are so many illustrations of this method of 
change that only a few can be mentioned. Carter Camp, in 
Potter County, has been substituted for Cartee Camp— the name 
of a historic family, of which General Cartee was a member. 
One can easily see how this change was made by a copyist 
glancing at the name Cartee and then writing the more familiar 
••Carter!" Another illustration of the same sort of error is 
found in 'the name "Queen's Run," which should be Quinn's Run 
—named for a famous early settler and Indian fighter who settled 
above Lock Haven, on the West Branch. 

Col. Henry W. Shoemaker calls my attention to a few other 
changes of this sort. The Castleman River should be "Cassel- 
man," being named for a famous family of pioneers which settled 
m Western Pennsylvania. One of the townships in Clinton 
County is now named "Gallagher" instead of -Gallauher," in 
honor of ludge Abraham Gallauher. The recent maps of Penn- 
sylvania arc literally tilled with such clerical errors, which finally 
have the authority of the United States Government to back them 
up. in the Geological Survey Maps and naming of Post Offices. 
These errors could all be avoided by having the proofs of maps 
and other official documents sul)mitted to the County Historical 
vSocieties before final publication. 

Other changes of names are intentional, as in the case of the 
many names, such as Athens, for Tioga Point; Sunbury, for 
Shamokin; Wilkes-Barre, for Wyoming. These changes were 
made so long ago that the more recent name has become historic. 
I '.lit changes are being made which have no historic significance 
whatever. One of the worst, which the author often thinks 
about because he remembers the place by its old name, is that of 
the large and growing town of Coraopolis, below Pittsburg, 
which formerly had the historic name of Vance Fort— which 
means something of the romantic period when the early settlers 



on ilic ( )lii() had lo tly to N'ance's Fort for protection from the 
huHans. "Coraopohs"" means nothing whatever. Thfere are 
'■()l)ohs"' witliout number in the L'nited States. There was only 
one \'ance Vov[. The change of X'enango to Frankhn is another 
ilhislralion of gi\ing u]) an early and historic name. 

Another change which Col. Shoemaker tells me of is the sug- 
gested change of Shousetown to Glenwillard. The Shouse family- 
was one of the early pioneer families on the upper Ohio in the 
days when the male members of the family defended the frontiers 
of civilization. There are "glens" of every possible style and 
degree of fashion in the State, but there is only one Shousetown, 
or Shouse Ferry. Somehow, whenever a certain type of people 
move into a locality, it seems to be about the first thing which 
these modern pioneers think of, is that of changing a name, which 
does not have an up-to-date sound, to "'glen"-something-or-other. 
Instead of cutting down trees, they cut down names. My very 
good friend Gifford Pinchot is a perfect friend' of "forestry con- 
servation," so is my other friend, Col. Henry W. Shoemaker — 
more power to both of them in their good work ! Let us all 
start a movement for the "preservation and conservation of the 
historic place names of Pennsylvania." Some of these names are 
not as "pretty" as they might be, but they mean something, and 
they are historic. I know that Mary is a rather old-fashioned 
name for a girl, when compared with Gladys or Ethyl — ^but 
somehow the name means more. It has the historic light of ages 
playing about it. One thinks of deep-blue Syrian skies and the 
lakes of Killarney, and a lot of other things, when it is mentioned. 
So, Shousetown has a sort of crude sound when compared with 
"Glenwillard'.'' But if you think of the sturdy frontiersman who 
ferried across the Ohio in the early days, the name becomes 
romantic. So also with the other names. If you know why they 
were given, you will realize why they should stay. 

Another matter which calls for the attention of Historical 
Societies is that of giving names to places which never had a 
name, 'i'hese names should have some meaning, either in local 
or state history. Oftentimes new towns are given names which 
bear no relation to anything in local or State history. Such names 
as "Mexico," "Arroyo," "Vera Cruz," etc., have no relation 
vvliatever to anything hjcal or vState. Many of these names are 
intrusive. Thc\ ha\e liistorical significance elsewhere, but not 
here. 

In view of these very brief remarks about Pennsylvania ])lace 



names, the author would suggest to the various Historical Socie- 
ties in the State the passage of an Act of Assembly forbidding 
the giving of names to any place, or the changing of any place. 
name, without the authority of either the HJistorical Commission 
or of some other historical body, such as the Historical Society 
of Pennsylvania. The author understands that many European 
countries and some of our own States already have such laws. A 
[)erson has the right to call his own country place or farm by 
whatever name he wishes. But State names of places become tiic 
property of the State, and become a part of the State's archives. 
vSuch a law would prevent tlie ignorant vandalism which has been 
so much in evidence in the past, in blotting out historic names, 
and it would also prevent the thoughtless and, oftentimes, utterly 
ridiculous bestowal of names. 

There are hundreds of appropriate and beautiful historic 
names in early Pennsylvania history, among which are many 
really signihcant Indian names, which have never been given to 
any places or topographical features. These narnes, rather than 
meaningless ones, could be given to new towns and villages, and 
even to country places. Now is the iitting time for the Historical 
Societies of the State to commence a movement having in view the 
results mentioned in this article. Nearly every county in the 
State now has a Historical Society, or has such a society under 
way. This work can be made a most valuable part of the activity 
of such societies. The change of historic place names may seem 
:i small matter, but it is not. Equally offensive is the mis-spelling 
of historic names, for it adds a studied indifference to the illus- 
trious names or events in history, which no patriotic x\merican 
should pass over lightly. We must hold' to our historic place 
names as the tangible links in the chain of our historical devel- 
opment. 




A Partial List of Historic Place Names 
(.hanged or Misspelled in Pennsylvania 

(Compiled by Henry W. Shoemaker) 

New Name 
Old Name or Spelling 

T ■ X \ Even the State Capitol was not '> Harris' Ferry, 

Louisbourg ^ spared! ( Harrisburg 

Wyoming Wilkes-Barre 

\ "The Place of the Horns," ) 
Shamokin . { where the deer performed J Sunbury 

( their mewing. J 

Ohe-yx. } '"^Rivfere"^'^"^ River-La Belle | Allegheny River 

Cartee Camp \ ^crrter''^Camp 

■ f Sturdy Indian fighters, ances- 1 

Shousetown i tors of Hon. Jouett Shouse, , Glenwillard 

1 lived here. | 

Muckeha. | «ZJ\tt'l, SlLl"" '"°" i Woodland Hills 

White's Eddy Ritchie 

V x^r , ( Here Mary Wolford, beautiful 1 

Young woman s pioneer girl, was drowned North Bend 

^^" ( escaping from Indians. ) 

Eyersburg Bloomsburg 

Longstown New Berlin 

Stroupstown Freeburg 

( How inane the new name, com- | 
Swinefordstown. . J pared to the old! Middle of } Middleburg 
I what ? J 

f Why this was changed is a 1 

Christunn { puzzle, as new name has lit- Middle Creek 

I tie special significance. ) 

f There are no less than thirty ] 

I other places called "Mifflin" I 

Youngmanstown . | in State, and Youngmans- \ Miff linburg 

town had a delicious West I 

1 Country, Irish flavor! j 

Muhlenberg Newton Hamilton 

Messimersville Sheridan 

Dengler's Mount Penn 

I Stony Run really means noth- ] 
Wessnersville. . . . i ing definite; State is full of [Stony Run 
I them. 1 

Quinn's Run Queen's Run 

Suedberg Suedburg 



Old Name 

Reidersville 

Peter's Camp 

Parkinson's Feri\v 

Casselman River. 

Casselman 

Shireman's Creek . 

Zerby 

Gallauher (Town- 
ship), Clinton 
County 

Tioga Point. . . . . 

Vance Fort 

Venango 



New Name 

Newport 

Blossburg 

\ Monongahela City 
} Monongahe'a 

This atrocity is gradually get- I 

ting on all maps, even some [ Csi'^t]pman River 
of those of State Forestry [ ^astleman Kiver 

Department. j 



.Castleman 
Sherman's Creek 
Sober 



Shoemakertown . 
Kreamersville. . 

Hamburg 

(Clinton Co.) 



Another victim of "Sinn Fein". .Gallagher 



.Athens 
. Coraopolis 
.Franklin 
Ogontz 



Pittsburg. 



A quamt old town re-baptized jo 11+ v, 
, ' 1 11 i-i-- • f Smullton 

to please a local politician. ) 

Mackevville 



f "H," in these days of simpli- 
I fied spelling, and after hav- 
I ing been laid aside for near- 
I ly a century, tacked on by 
1 P. R. R. in 1902 to suit a 
I resident Vice-President born 
j in Edinburgh, pronounced 
Edinborough ; which itself is 
philologically incorrect, the 
original name of the "Athens 
of the North" having been 
Edwins-burg, an early set- 
tlement of Angles, not Celts.' 



Pittsburgh 



Brunerstown . 
Bloody Run . 



Bismarck. 



( Here immortal hero blood was | 
/ shed. Why change it? i 

\ A victim of war hysteria and | 
/ over-zealous "patriotism." \ 



Fort Hunter. 
Siegfried. . . . 

Allenville. . . 



(Name changed twice) 



Heidelberg. 
Derry 



High Head, 
(Mountain) . . . 



Hard to trace pioneer localities 
since these old names are 
nearly all gone. 

With its old church, ci^elly 
wiped off the map. 

In Penn's Valley, Centre Coun- 
ty. There are no less than 
100 other mountains and 
hills in State called "Round 
Top." 



Somerset 
Everett 

Quentin 

. Rockville 
Northampton 
Northampton 
Allentown 

Schaefferstown 
Hershev 



Round Top 



y 



O'.d Name 

Old Eagle 



StiK-ktown . 



A stalwart Indian fightei-'s 
name obliterated to make 
way for a stockholder in a 
new railroad through the 
town. 



Dunnsburg 

T f>wi«' T aVp * ^^^y ^^^^ sentimental, slushy 

l.ewis i^ake , ^^^ name? 



Strasburg (York County) 
Greersburg 



Exetertown (Name changed twice) 

Saltzburg 

Anderson's Ferry 

Dekanoagah 

Kloster (Cloister) 

Wright's Ferry 

Tiadaghton 

Karoondinha 



Standing Stone 
Town 



New Name 
Strafford 

McClure 

.Dunnstown 

"Eaglesmere' 

. . Shrewsbury 

. . Darlington 

\ Exeter 
( Lorane 

. .Saltsburg 

. . Marietta 

. Bainbridge 

. .Ephrata 

. Wrightsville 

. Pine Creek 

( John Penn's Creek 
} Penn's Creek 

. .Huntingdon 
. .Blainsport 



Reinholds 

Petersburg [Changed, as another town of j j^ 

* I same name m State. ) 

{ The name of old Reuben ] 
9f-r.vAv'« 1 Stover, pioneer and hunter, [ 

^^^^^^^ 1 deserved to be thus perpet- | 

( uated. Why Livonia? J 



Livonia 



Weirickstettle , 



Millersburg, 
(Berks County) 



Allemingle. 



\ Penn's Creek P.O. 
\ Centreville 



Riviere Le Boeuf. . 



Sinnemahoning . 



Nippeno. 



Changed owing to there being 
another Millersburg in State, 
but new name of no local 
significance. 

"All Wants," meaning "Land 
of Plenty." A very distinc- 
tive cognomen. New name 
of no local significance 
whatever. 

."River of Buffaloes" 

Changed by railroad. Indian 
name Sinne-Mahoning, or 
"Stony Lick." 

Another railroad infliction. Old 
name "N i p p e n o," from 
Nippe-nuse, an Indian Chief 
of the locality. 



Bethel 

Albany 

. French Creek 
\ Sinnamahoning 

Nippono 



10 



Old Name New Name 

Manayunk Schuylkill 

i..,,^.K,,..,v \ Changed so as to be the "soul I .-, , 

^ I mate of Sunbury. \ i>itw;,.ii.N 

Jacobsburg- Woodward 

[ A sturdy pioneer sounding | 

The Forks | f^"J^- Changed by railroad I ^^ 

I land agents to please an m- | 
1 fluential citizen of county. J 

Panther Run. . . . \ ^"^ abbreviation which destroys [ p^^^her 
/ most of the local significance. \ "■"'"^^'■ 

Hightown White Deer 

Littlestown Bradford 

Rattlesnake } ^^J'oXfct'or.'^^""'''" ^ ^^'"'"'''^ | Whetham 

f Changed on account of being | 

Susquehanna I other town of same name in [■ Nisbet 

I State. ) 

I On former domain of Queen | 

Riansares I Maria Christina of Spain. I r> tt-h 

(Mountain) .... 1 Named for her husband, the f ^ ^'"'"^ "''^ 
( Duke of Riansares. | 

Stavertown Glen 

Burgettstown I,angeloth 

Reastown ! g^jf T"' 

( Bedford 

Coryell's Ferry New Hope 

Quiggleville Lycoming 

Geulich, (Town- 
ship) Clearfield 
County Gulick 

f Another railroad blunder in ) 
Renezet ' spelling. Named for An- [ Dp„p„p++g 

^^"^^^^ 1 thony Benezet, Quaker Abo- | ^enezette 

I litionist. I 

Chatham's Run, 

(Hamlet) Charlton 

Barclay Wyside 

( Here was a big camp of Irish 1 
D J , , T> railroad laborei-s when Sun- [ Tp„^^ d„„ „,„ 

Paddy s Run j ^^^^ ^^^ ^^.^ Railroad was | ^^^^ Renovo 

I built about 1864. I 

Saltzman East Ferney 

j Named by early Scotch-Irish ' 
Swatragh, | pioneers for a brook in [ o„,„*„,.„ 

(Stream) | Derry, Ireland - Sewataro, I ►^^'*'^'*''' 

I Swetarrow. ) 

„,./-,, \ Pronounced Pole's Creek. Spell- ( u ... ii' /'.. >i 

Powl s Creek. ... J -^^ ^^^^,,^, ..^nform. > ^"^^^^ '^^ ^''''''^ 

M 



Old Name New Name 

Matawanna McVeytown 

[ Named for early tribe of red- ] 

Mingoville j men. New name given by ! Hec-la Park 

I owners of a picnic park. | 

I A reg'rettable abbreviation of I 
Hartley Hall. • • • j Major-Genei-al Thomas ,- Hartleton 
1 Hartley's name. I 

Oak Grove ! Changed because other town j, ^ . 

I of same name m State. \ 

f An unaccountable substitution | 

Derrstown j of first name of Lewis Derr, j Lewisburg- 

I pioneer, for his last name. J 

C.+-+ „4-„,„„ \ Named for the first settler in | j u^„^„ 

btitestown 1 rt I Lebanon 

f An obstinate blunder creeping ] 

Paxtang ] ^'^^ ? .^^7^^^ ^^^^ ^i^p^o^^' [ Paxton 

^ I as origmal name was Pesh- | 

I tank! I 



Funkstown. 



\ Altodale 
I Mont Alto 

Obold ■ Mount Pleasant 

Rumberger DuBois 

Morgan's Gap Bull Run Gap 

Great Shawanese 

Lake Ganoga Lake 

Air J «? J \ Blockhouse 

Woodrutfstown _ j liberty 

VVatsonburg W.^tsontown 

Upland An early Swedish settlement. . . .Chester 

Boyersville Mazeppa 

Green Castle Greencastle 

Adamsburg _ Beaver Springs 

Moose's Pond Mose's Pond 

Chinkalacamoose. . ."Meeting place of the Moose". . Clearfield 

Straus Schuyler 

Zermatt Holstein 

Germantown ( North 

Junction ( Philadelphia 

f Changed by Railroad Company, 
I which had another station 

Georgetown \ of same name. New name ' Dalmatia 

I sounds nice, but of no local 
I significance. 

Kishekokelas Kishacoquillas 

Jamesburg Oriole 

Swartztown Milton 

Cameronia Montandon 



The Spirit of the Name- Vandal ! 



Exit Muckelrat and Enter Woodland Hills 

Muckelrat is gone forever, the "Village of Woodland Hills" takes 
its place and every citizen holds his head erect these days ajid smiles 
a happy smile. 

The territory coniprisina the one-time Muckelrat includes that 
part of Wilkins Township, hounded by Braddock road, Filmore road, 
Glasgow road, Fairview avenue and Ridge avenue. 

The formal announcement of this change was made in a com- 
munication to The Sun today, signed "Citizens of Woodland Hills." — 
PITTSBURG SUN, 1921. 



Changing the Face of History 

There is another aspect of the ruthless spirit of the day which 
holds nothing of the past sacred and secure. That is the moderniza- 
tion of Civil War memorials. Most of these erected thirty years ago, 
instead of showing the rugged, long-haired, bearded, loosely clad sol- 
dier of Civil War times represented the "Civil War" warrior to look 
like the trim National Guardsman of the Nineties, with short hair, 
curled mustache, and tight-fitting uniform. Those erected recently, 
take, for example, the Bucktail monument at Driftwood, and the 
Union League Club Regiment monument at Philadelphia, represent 
the Civil War soldier as short haired and clean shaven, The typical 
Civil War soldier was neither of these, even if a few shaved their 
whole faces once in six weeks. All let their hair stay long; that was 
part of the tradition of the war, while most of the boys allowed their 
beards to grow and have never shaved them off to this day. The 
short-haired, clean-shaved Civil War soldier never existed outside of 
the careless imagination of modern sculptors, and in only a single 
monument at Gettysburg Battlefield is the real soldier of the period 
depicted, that sole exception being in the bronze figure on the monu- 
ment of the Fifth Minnesota Regiment. Even Violet Oakley has 
fallen into the popular error with her Lincoln and Meade murals in 
the Senate Chamber at Harrisburg, but she goes most artists one 
better by giving her clean-shaven soldier boys "Dutch cuts," from 
which their locks were as free as their cheeks were of the razor. Why 
can't real Civil War soldiers be put on these monuments, and not faces 
and costumes typical of 1915-1921 — a crime in the eyes of historic 
exactitude. The Civil War soldier. South as well as North, was a 
Poilu, and the razor applied by sculptors half a century later 
has stripped him of one of his principal claims to individuality. As 
the noted French author, Maurice Barres, remarked, in speaking of 
the hairy French soldiers of the World War, "Their beards have been 
part of the war, and of our courage." The bearded Civil War soldier 
bespoke his period, and told the story of camp and campaign, and any 

13 



attempt to change him now makes the memorials historically ineffec- 
tive. This is a phase of monument construction for our able State 
Art Commission to consider in co-operation with Dr. Donehoo's His- 
torical Commission. Clean-shaved Civil War soldiers are as his- 
torically out of place as if the typical American "Doughboy" of the 
World War were put on a pedestal with Lord Rocksavage side-whiskers 
or Lord Fauntleroy tresses. Let us be correct and exact in every 
detail, if we are to build for the ages to come! 

H. W. S. 



Pennsylvania Alpine Club 




THE CREED: To protect, study and preserve, wherever possible, 
the history, folk lore, folk songs and proverbs of our mountain people. 
To preserve historic place names and their rightful spelling, Indian tra- 
ditions and Indian names. To secure the Pennsylvania Mountains a 
wider popularity and appreciation. To work for pure air, pure water, 
pure manhood and womanhood against the inroads of the modern 
complex, urban civilization. To save the ancient landmarks, such as 
old forts and other pioneer structures and memorials, and historic 
and noteworthy trees and groves. To create a sentiment for the edu- 
cation and moral encouragement of the Pennsylvania mountain chil- 
dren, neglected in favor of the children of the Kentucky and Tennessee 
mountains. To stand at all times for the American Flag- and Penn- 
sylvania Beautiful. 

For the establishment of new Chapters and membership, apply to 
J. Herbert Walker, Secretary and Historian, Box 328, Scranton Pa. 
Program of Spring and Fall Outings on Application. 



Finis 



14 



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